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06

4月

2009

Cheer on the San Antonio Spurs As They Gallop Towards an NBA Championship

Have you heard of the Dallas Chaparrals or the San Antonio Gunslingers? If you are an NBA fan, then you probably know the San Antonio Spurs. However, you may not have heard of the Dallas Chaparrals. You are asking yourself what a chaparral is, right? A chaparral is a plant community of shrubs that exists [...]
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05

4月

2009

Nba Tickets for Knockout Basketball!

Fans with NBA tickets know that they have passes for much more than just a good basketball game. NBA games are known for their high-profile players and plays that sometimes seem to defy all laws of gravity. Over the years, the league has had its share of glorious moments and complicated controversies.All Hail The Celtics!The [...]
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24

3月

2009

5 Tips to Win in Nba Fantasy Basketball League

For months now, I’ve been managing my own team in our custom NBA Fantasy League.  Until early November, I had no idea how the NBA Fantasy League works.  One of my friends at work created a custom NBA league at yahoo and invited me to join in.  I found it quite interesting, so I joined [...]
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17

3月

2009

Kwang Yul Cha M.d. Will Contribute His Whole Fortune for Stem Cell Research

Kwang Yul Cha asked: Kwang Yul Cha, the president of the Pochon Cha University said, “After dying, people contribute their whole fortune to university, institute or hospital in abroad. I’ll also contribute my whole fortune for stem cell research.” “I staked all my fortune for stem cell research.” Kwang yul Cha added.Gangnam CHA General Hospital, [...]
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15

3月

2009

New Stem Cells Research May Mean Possible Improvements in Your Hearing

Dr Karen asked: Stem cells occur naturally in the human body.  They are not blood cells, nerve cells, brain cells or any other kind of cell.   In fact, they have no identity by themselves — at least not yet.  They can, however, develop into different types of cells, replacing cells that have been damaged or [...]
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12

3月

2009

Treatment Options for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Groshan Fabiola asked: A rare form of the Non-Hodgkin disease is the Mantle cell lymphoma. This disease is quite dangerous because its tumor grows very fast and ends up affecting most of the organs.Generally, people are diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma only when the disease has affected more organs and so, treating them is a [...]
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08

3月

2009

Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking – Why Do Parents Consider Banking of Stem Cells?

Apurva Shree asked: Cord blood stem cell collection is a necessary act, but not routine in delivery rooms. Expectant parents are recommended to plan for cord blood donation early since nearly 50% of the vaginal child deliveries take place before the scheduled date. In such cases, even the most enthusiast parents seem to lose the [...]
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28

1月

2009

Embryonic Stem Cells

Empowered Doctor asked: Embryonic stem cells have been making headlines recently. But among the talk, there is rarely a pause to explain what embryonic stem cells are, what makes them unique, and why they stir up so much debate.Stem cells, unlike other cells, can renew themselves for long periods of time though cell division, and [...]
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11

1月

2009

New Breast Enlargement Method Uses Stem Cells Instead of Silicone

Adrien Brody asked: The number of breast enlargement operations performed in the US, for both augmentation and reconstruction purposes, has radically increased in the last decade. At the same time the number of operations to remove implants has also risen and given the potential surgical complications and health consequences of such surgery, many doctors find [...]
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树突状细胞疫苗
---树突壮细胞功能与临床作用机理
  
树突状细胞(dendriticcell,DC)是起源于骨髓的专职抗原递呈细胞,具有启动T细胞介导的免疫应答功能,因其表面具有众多树突状突起而得名。DC是由美国学者Steinman及Cohn于1973年发现的。自从1992年Steinman建立了应用冲阻力细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ,GM-CSF)从小鼠骨髓中大规模培养制备DC的方法后,人们又建立并完善了多种多种培养扩增DC的方法,这使得对DC的研究得以深入。它在感染免疫应答中具有重要作用,并在肿瘤免疫治疗、器官移植和慢性乙型肝炎的治疗中引人注目。
  成熟DC从细胞胞体的各个方面伸出约10um的突起,并具有活跃的运动能力,无或仅有微弱的吞噬功能,对玻璃或塑料缺乏持久的粘附能力。DC能表达丰富且与抗原递呈有关的MHCI类和II类分子,如HLA-DP、DQ、DR、HLA-A、B、C等,并高水平地表达多种共刺激分子,如B7-1(CD80)、B7-2(CD86)、LFA-3(CD58)、ICAM-1(CD54)、ICAM-3(CD50)及CD40。这些分子介导DC与T细胞的结合并具有共刺激的功能。DC还表达CD123、CD83、CD1a、CD11C,不表达CD14分子,Fc受体低表达或缺乏。DC缺乏髓过氧化物酶和溶菌酶,而非特异酯酶阴性或仅弱阳性。上述特征表明,DC在分化过程中丧失了许多吞噬细胞所具有的功能,而获得了高水平MHC分子和共刺激分子的表达,使DC能有效地将抗原递呈给T细胞,因而DC是一种独立的细胞类型。
  DC作为专职的抗原递呈细胞,能摄取、加工、及递呈抗原,并在缺乏其他任何刺激因子的条件下启动机体的免疫应答,因而获得天然佐剂的美名。DC与吞噬细胞在功能上的本质差别在于吞噬细胞能清除抗原,而DC则递呈抗原。
  未成熟DC在接触抗原后首先捕获抗原,继而将抗原输送到细胞内酸性液胞区,并在该处将抗原加工为短肽,然后转运到细胞内MHCI、II类分子富集区,与新合成的MHCI、II类分子共同形成-MHC分子复合物,并表达于DC细胞表面。继而DC入血,迁徙到外周淋巴器官的T细胞聚集区,将其表面丰富表达的MHC分子上的肽类抗原递呈给T细胞,经T细胞识别后即启动MHCI类限制性细胞毒性T细胞应答和MHCII类限制性T辅助细胞的应答。此外,DC还高水平的的表达一系列共刺激分子,如CD80、CD86、CD40等,它们介导DC与T细胞结合。
  近年来,研究者通过多种方式直接或间接恢复和增强DC的抗原提呈功能,包括:⑴ 细胞因子(IL-12、IFN-γ、IFN-α等)体内外的作用;⑵ HBsAg疫苗体内刺激;⑶优化的增强DC摄取功能的DNA疫苗;⑷DC体外诱导和抗原冲击或基因修饰后回输(DC疫苗)。
  DC用于病毒的免疫治疗主要是通过体外病毒抗原冲击致敏DC,再回输体内,诱导出病毒抗原特异性CTL,杀伤病毒感染的细胞。用抗原致敏DC的方法有多种:可通过病毒抗原肽或蛋白直接冲击DC;用灭活的病毒疫苗共同温育;还可用阳离子脂质体携带病毒gag、poc及env全部蛋白质或合成的双链RNA冲击,但最常用的方法仍然是用病毒抗原多肽致敏DC。
本文节选自:浙江大学医学院 陈 智
2005  第十二次全国病毒性肝炎与肝病学术会议

细胞保存手册
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骨髓间质干细胞分离培养的经验总结
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